The natural resources sector is embracing a proactive approach to site rehabilitation and closure, at times bringing together biology, chemistry and earth sciences to address complex environmental issues. Legislative initiatives and societal pressures are prompting mining companies and governments to talk less and do more. Remediation projects being implemented today will not only cure problems from the past but will also advance solutions and processes that will assist other legacy projects as well as with the closure of new projects which may include re-purposing what may have been considered waste in the past. There are great examples from around the world such as the ERA’s Ranger Mine, implementing a closure path incorporating progressive rehabilitation, delivering a positive legacy, and Glencore’s Wonderfontein Mine, where a holistic approach to mine closure is being taken, repurposing remediated mine land and water to grow wheat.